This course will educate you in the characteristics and properties of natural gas, preparing you with the ability to summarize gas system components and new pipeline. Although the processing of natural gas is in many respects less complicated than the processing and refining of crude oil, it is equally as. Information provided includes onshore and offshore facilities located in the field, as well as both oil and gas processing plants such as ngl recovery, fractionation plants and lng liquefaction facilities. Even now, gas production is gaining market share as liquefied natural gas lng provides an economical way of transporting gas from even the remotest sites. This is a presentation on a process designed for a natural gas processing plant that can use ngl and condensate to produce lpg. Ken arnold, senior technical adviser for worleyparsons who has nearly 50 years in the oil and gas industry, including 16 at shell, says the biggest. Natural gas monthly energy information administration. A generalized natural gas flow diagram is shown in figure 12. Natural gas withdrawn from natural gas or crude oil wells is called wet natural gas because, along with methane, it usually contains nglethane, propane, butanes, and pentanesand water vapor.
Oil 101 introduction to natural gas linkedin slideshare. Amine gas treating, also known as amine scrubbing, gas sweetening and acid gas removal, refers to a group of processes that use aqueous solutions of various alkylamines commonly referred to simply as amines to remove hydrogen sulfide h 2 s and carbon dioxide co 2 from gases. Natural gas is sent through small pipelines called gathering lines to processing plants, which separate the various hydrocarbons and fluids from the pure natural gas, to produce what is known as pipeline quality dry natural gas before it can be transported. What is natural gas, uses of natural gas, and historical perspective on how natural gas has evolved from being an often flared byproduct of oil production to perhaps the future of the oil and gas industry, or should i say the gas and oil industry. Gas processing solutions since the 1950s, uop has provided technologies to condition, treat and upgrade natural gas, enabling customers around the globe to monetize their resources. Natural gas presentation natural gas methane free 30. Natural gas processing principles and technology oilproduction. At the same time, the petrochemical industry with its new plastic materials quickly increased production.
Naturalgas processing is a complex industrial process designed to clean raw natural gas by separating impurities and various nonmethane hydrocarbons and. The purpose of this document is to provide descriptions of natural gas processing unit. All of the h2s and most of the water vapor, co2, and n2 must be removed first. The composition of the raw natural gas extracted from producing wells depends on the type, depth, and location of the. Gas plant cost, schedule targeting trails industry average. The abundance of gas production in north america has resulted in an increase in the construction of natural gas processing plants. From upstream gas gathering to midstream gas processing and downstream natural gas transportation, our solutions accurately model contracts and handle order to cash operations for all shipper contracts. Properties, processing, and use in design, frank porter 74.
Pdf full range natural gas processing researchgate. It is now recognized as a major environmental problem, contributing an amount of about. It is a common unit process used in refineries, and is also used in petrochemical plants, natural gas processing. University of calgary natural gas processing principles. The main objective of a natural gas supply system is to produce gas from an underground field, send it to a processing facility where the gas is processed to an acceptable quality, and then move it. Natural gas investment was moving towards expensive terminals to import natural gas. The liquefied natural gas lng chain of processes consumes the equivalent of 10% of initial natural gas flow for liquefaction, transportation and regasification of the natural gas. Psm provides layers of protection and practices based on understanding an industrys hazards and risks, managing. After initial scrubbing to remove particles, the first step in natural gas processing is the removal of condensate oil and water that is. Naturalgas processing is a complex industrial process designed to clean raw natural gas by separating impurities and various nonmethane hydrocarbons and fluids to produce what is known as pipeline quality dry natural gas naturalgas processing begins at the well head. Classical and modern mechanisms for engineers and inventors, preben w. Now 25 years later, there has been great progress on safety, but the volatile nature of hydrocarbons means there will always be risks in drilling for, transporting, and processing natural gas. Thermal fatigue of metals, andrzej weronski and tadeusz hejwowski 75.
The behavior of natural gas, whether pure methane or a mixture of volatile hydrocarbons and the nonhydrocarbons nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen sulfide, must be understood by the engineer who is designing the operating equipment for its production, processing, and transportation. Transportation is a major aspect of the gas industry to ensure the supply of gas to the final users. The authors compile information from the literature, meeting proceedings, and their own work experiences to give an accurate. An overview natural gas processing and the removal of various components from it tend to involve the most complex and expensive processes. Natural gas presentation free download as powerpoint presentation. Natural gas hydrates are crystalline icelike solids or semisolids that can impede the passage of natural gas through valves and pipes. Natural gasoline, butane, and propane are usually present in the gas, and gas processing plants are required for the recovery of these liquefiable constituents see. Riskbased process safety management psm provides a structured and systematic approach to building a sustainable safety culture with topdown and bottomup commitment. The composition of the raw natural gas extracted from producing wells. Learn more about emersons midstream applications for oil and gas at. Natural gas processing principles and technology part i. Lukoil processes gas and natural gas liquids at three gas processing plants gpps in west siberia, timanpechora and volga regions, as well as at the perm refinery and on the site of stavrolen petrochemical complex in the stavropol territory.
Uop has completed more than 515 new modular gas units with a combined capacity of more than 40 bcfd of natural gas per day. Many different qualities of gas have been discovered and are. Today the situation has reversedthe united states is the worlds largest producer of oil and natural gas, is exporting more refined products, and is on the path toward exporting crude oil2 and liquefied natural gas lng. Although the processing of natural gas is in many respects less complicated than the processing and refining of crude oil, it. The gas processing industry in the past 25 years has developed extensively. Midstream applications for oil and gas energy solutions. The groups gas processing plants process the associated petroleum gas produced by lukoil into liquid hydrocarbons and marketable gas. Natural gas was unknown in europe until its discovery in england in 1659, and even then it did not come into wide use. Gas processing operations constantly experience changing conditions due to varying contracts, feed rates, feed compositions, and pricing. Processing involves four main processes to remove the various impurities.
Natural gas utility process safety management clearinghouse. Ebf 301 processing and natural gas liquids ngls duration. The inlet of the furthermost downstream natural gas processing plant, other than a natural gas processing plant located on a transmission line, 21 end of gathering processing plant. Market forecasts predict that industry will continue spending significant capital on gas plant projects over the next several years, given that gas is regarded as a clean, low carbon, relatively inexpensive fuel. Cost analysis will also be used to display the economical aspect of natural gas processing. Natural gas piping permit permit shall indicate location short description of work being performed name of employee, contractor or subcontractor performing the work the permit is only good for the date and time indicated in the permit expires section of the. Handbook of electronic package design, edited by michael pecht. Instead, gas obtained from carbonized coal known as town gas became the primary fuel for illuminating streets and houses throughout much of europe from 1790 on in north america the first commercial application of a petroleum product was the utilization of natural gas from. Wellhead natural gas may also contain nonhydrocarbons such as sulfur, helium, nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide, and carbon dioxide, most of which must be. Gas processing as part of total production system 2. Natural gas, as it is used by consumers, is much different from the natural gas that is brought from underground up to the wellhead. The industryleading fgrs helps refinery owners meet emissions regulations, reduce risk, extend equipment life and reduce costs.
I this 2nd of 10 modules, we introduce the learner to some key fundamentals of the midstream segment of the oil and gas industry. Poe, in handbook of natural gas transmission and processing, 2012. Main topics covered include fundamentals, natural gas characterization, phase behavior, vaporliquid equilibrium, basic thermodynamics, and waterhydrocarbon behavior, as well as all the key equipment to. The gas processing progression covers equipment and processes primarily focused on the handling of natural gas and its associated liquids. Naturalgas processing is a complex industrial process designed to clean raw natural gas by separating impurities and various nonmethane hydrocarbons and fluids to produce what is known as pipelinequality dry natural gas. The separation of the hydrocarbons, known as ngl c2 plus is carried out next. A natural gas processing plant is a facility designed to clean raw natural gas by separating impurities and various nonmethane hydrocarbons and fluids to produce what is known as pipeline quality dry natural gas. And, while net additions in shale outpaced the overall decrease in natural gas reserves from all other sources, reserve estimates. Gas flaring, the process of burningoff associated gas from wells, hydrocarbon processing plants or refineries, either as a means of disposal or as a safety measure to relieve pressure 1. Facilitate the recovery, treatment, and monetization of natural gas by removing inherent solid, liquid, and gas impurities, which accelerate corrosion and lower the heating value of the gas.
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